The energy ecosystem across the world is in a phase of transition. Decarbonisation, decentralisation, and digitalisation are reshaping how energy is produced, transmitted and distributed. At the core of the evolution is renewable energy which is likely to take up 45–50% of the global power mix by 2030 and 70% by 2040.
India has also set an ambitious target of 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030. Achieving this goal requires a holistic approach. In addition to constructing solar and wind parks, there is an urgent need to develop a resilient and sustainable power grid capable of integrating diverse renewable energy sources.
Transformers, the essential part of the grid mechanisms, will play a crucial role in the energy transition journey. By facilitating efficient energy transfer, voltage regulation, and grid stability, they act as the critical connect between renewable energy generation and consumption centres.
Challenges of traditional transformers
Conventional oil-filled transformers have so far served as the backbone of electricity grids. Although they remain reliable, new opportunities are emerging to enhance transformer technology in this era of energy diversity, and transmission and distribution efficacy.
Today, the focus is shifting towards solutions that not only maintain high performance but also improve energy efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and support the transition to greener infrastructure. Advanced transformer technologies are rising to this challenge and embracing eco-friendly materials to meet the demands of a more sustainable energy future.
Natural ester oil transformers: A sustainable alternative
Material efficiency has emerged as a critical parameter in transformer technology. Therefore, natural ester oil-based transformers which replace mineral oil with bio-based, biodegradable fluids have become a viable option to achieve sustainability.
These renewable dielectric fluids offer improved fire safety, reduced environmental impact and extended insulation life. By integrating technological performance with ecological responsibility, ester oil transformers set the stage for the next phase of energy transition.
Dry-type transformers: A Niche but Valuable Alternative
While dry-type transformers have gained traction as an environmentally-friendly alternative, they are largely reserved for applications where fire safety is a primary concern. Unlike their oil-filled counterparts, these transformers leverage solid insulation and air cooling, eliminating the use of flammable liquids. This makes them especially suited for high-risk environments such as underground substations, high rise buildings, tunnels or industrial plants handling flammable materials.
However, despite their safety advantages, dry-type transformers have not yet seen widespread adoption as compared to liquid-filled transformers. Factors such as higher initial costs, limited size, lower voltage capacity and reduced cooling capabilities have kept their use more niche.
Distribution transformers: Enabler of seamless renewable integration
Renewable energy sources like solar and wind generate electricity at variable voltages and frequencies. As a result, the electricity is often incompatible with the pre-defined grid standards. Without effective conversion, this diverse range of variability could destabilise the grid.
Hence, distribution transformers help in adapting renewable energy to standard grid voltage levels. This way, the distribution transformers ensure smooth integration into the system. These transformers are instrumental in safeguarding grid stability and electrical equipment as well as enhancing supply reliability. As renewable energy adoption grows, the role of the distribution transformers becomes even more vital to managing variability, building backbone for energy security.
Power transformers: backbone of green energy transition
Power transformers build a scale of grid operations. With the capacity to manage high voltages, maintain power quality and drive efficient long-distance transmission, they are the catalysts to achieve renewable energy ambitions.
What is imperative now is that grid operators, policymakers, and manufacturers need to come together to create a conducive environment for large-scale deployment of advanced transformers. Alternatively, investments in research, manufacturing, and deployment will be essential to meet the growing demand for renewable energy integration.
At a time when the clean energy transition is gaining momentum, progress in renewable energy generation capacity always catches the attention. However, it is the less visible yet indispensable technologies like transformers that ensure renewable energy becomes more accessible. Advanced transformer technologies will eventually drive the cleaner, safer and more resilient energy ecosystem.
